摘 要
自学考试是有中国特色的国家考试、社会助学和个人自学相统一的高等
教育形式，是高等教育体系的重要构成要素。本文是以我国首创的自学
考试为主要的研究对象
，通过文献研究法对自学考试的基本概念、发展
历程和目前存在的主要问题等方面进行了梳理阐述。本文从自学考试的
发展现状归纳出其目前存在着生源不足、专业课程设置缺乏科学性、地
区发展不均衡、助学功能失效和监督管理不力等主要问题。通过整理分
析发现产生这些问题的不仅有其制度本身不健全的原因，还有一些客观
变化因素，比如国家政策结构的转变、高等教育大众化、自学考试学历
补偿的功能基本完成及助学机构商业化等因素。本文针对其存在的问题
通过比较分析法，从转变生源结构、更新课程设置、优化教育资源配置、
构建现代助学模式、完善机制体制等方面提出了积极对策。
关键词：自学考试；生源；社会助学；监督体制
Abstract
Self study examination is a form of higher education which
combines Chinese socialist characteristics with national
examinations, social studies and individual¼self—
study.¼It¼is¼an¼important¼component¼ofthe¼higher¼educat
ion¼system¼in¼China.¼This
¼article is the main research
object of the self — study examination, which is the first one
in China. Through the literature research method, the basic
concepts, the development course and the main problems of the
self—study examination are expounded. From the present
situation of self—study examination, this paper concludes that
there are many problems, such as the shortage of students, the
lack of scientific curriculum, the unbalance of regional
development, the failure of the study function and poor
supervision and management. Through the analysis and analysis,
it is found that these problems not only have the reasons for
the imperfect system itself, but also some factors such as the
change of the national policy structure, the popularization of
higher education, the basic function of the compensation of
self—study examination, and the commercialization of the
student
institution.¼In¼view¼of¼the¼existing¼problems,¼this¼pap
er¼puts¼forward¼some¼positivecount
ermeasures in the aspects
of changing the source structure, updating the curriculum,
optimizing the allocation of educational resources,
