galvanostatic charge—discharge method.
（１） Cycle performance test curves at a current density of ４００ mA g
— １in air and at a temperature of ５００°C in argon. When burned in air at
５００°C, the electrode has the best lithium storage performance.
（２） In the experiment of using PF １２７ as a surfactant, the change
of the ratio of water and ethanol will affect the valence and morphology of
manganese, and then affect the lithium storage performance of the material.
Only when the water and ethanol contents were ３ ０ ml and ５ml,
respectively, the electrode could achieve the best lithium storage performance.
（３） From the discharge capacity point of view, the current density is
６００ mA g—１, and the long—cycle performance of each ratio has the highest
discharge in the first ２００ laps of the oxides of manganese produced in a
solution of ３０ ml of water and ５ml of ethanol.but After １４０ laps, the
discharge capacity of the battery gradually decreased, which may be due to the
powdering of the material during the long cycle.
（４） Potassium permanganate solution and ethyl acetate are mixed and
the resulting material is condensed and refluxed at a temperature of ８５°C.
The cycle performance test curve at a current density of ４００ mA g— １can
be seen after ２２ hours of reaction. However, the electrode capacity gradually
decreases, so consider the sulfidation treatment. After the sulfidation treatment,
it can be seen that the electrode capacity is significantly increased, and the
initial coulombic efficiency is also significantly increased, but the problem of
the decrease in capacity with an increase in the number of cycles is still not
resolved.
Keywords ：lithium battery anode material; sodium battery anode
material; electrochemical performance;nanorod; nanosheet
１．１锂电池的发展历史
由于锂离子电池具有较高的能量密度，锂金属在１９５８年引入到
电池应用领域，并在１９７０年进入锂一次电池商业开发阶段。从２０
世纪年以来，随着负极材料、正极材料以及电解质的变革，两种锂电池
不断发展并且进入商业化阶段。今天，锂电池技术随着时代在持续不断
地发展，正在一步步的改善人们的生活。随着社会的不断发展以及技术
的进步，人们对资源的利用度加深，开采量也在不断的增大，然而不合
理的开采以及应用使资源方面尤其是化学能源日渐枯竭，能源问题成为
各界重视的主要问题之一，故而需要大量开发新能源，以其清洁高效的
特点来逐渐取代传统能源。新能源的类型极多，如风能、潮汐能等等，
其中高性能电源所受到的关注最大，因为高性能的电源具备较多的优点 ，
比如比容量高、有较长的寿命等等，这些均使得其关注程度日益增高。
高性能电源中又以锂离子电池为佳，锂离子电池除却具备高性能电源的
优势之外，还具备环境友好等优势，而锂电池又被氛围一次电池以及二
次电池两种，其中一次电池是上世纪中期开始研发的，不顾过受限于成
